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Cannabis Chemistry: Terpenoids

1. Carophyllene Warm Spice
Peppery
C15H24
204.36 g/mol
m.p. ?°F
b.p. 504 to 507°F
d = 0.905 g/mL
CAS Number:
  87-44-5
Sources: Black Pepper, Clove, Oregano, Rosemary, Cannabis Sativa, Hops, Caraway, Basil, etc.

Caryophyllene is one of the 3 most common terpenoids in cannabis, along with myrcene and pinene.

anti-anxiety
relaxant
anti-inflamitory
2. Myrcene Musky
Herbaceous
C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. 14°F
b.p. 331 to 334°F
d = 0.794 g/mL
CAS Number:
  123-35-3
Sources: Hops, Lemon Grass, Verbena, Wild Thyme, Cannabis, Hops, Houttuynia, Mango, Cardamom.

Myrcene composes 29% to 66% of the steam-distilled essential oil of cannabis sativa. Myrcene is thought to be the predominant terpenoid found in modern cannabis cultivars within North America.

calming
muscle relaxant
sleep aid
3. Pinene Pinene C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. -80 to -67°F
b.p. 311 to 313°F
d = 0.86 g/mL
CAS Number:
  1330-16-1

Sources: Pine needles.

Pinene is one of the 3 most common terpenoids in cannabis, along with myrcene and caryophyllene.

pain relief
anti-anxiety
anti-inflamatory
4. Limonene Citrus
Floral
C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. -101.83?°F
b.p. 349°F
d = 0.8411 g/mL
CAS Number:
  138-86-3 (R/S)
  5989-27-5 (R)
  5989-54-8 (S)

Sources: Lemon and Orange peels.

anti-anxiety
stress relief
anti-inflamatory
anti-oxidant
5. Humulene Woody C15H24
204.36 g/mol
m.p. 77°F
b.p. 223 to 225°F
d = 0.886 g/mL
CAS Number:
  6753-98-6

Sources: .

anti-bacterial
anti-inflamatory
6. Linalool Floral
Lavendar
C10H18O
154.25 g/mol
m.p. -4°F
b.p. 388 to 390°F
d = 0.858 to 0.868 g/mL
CAS Number:
  76-70-6
 126-91-0 (R)
 126-90-9 (S)
Sources: (S)-linalool is a major constituent of the essential oils of coriander, cymbopogon, and sweet orange flowers. (R)-linalool is present in lavender, bay laurel, sweet basil, etc.

Each enantiomer evokes different neural responses in humans, so are classified as possessing distinct scents. (S)-(+)-Linalool is perceived as sweet, floral, petitgrain-like and the (R)-form as more woody and lavender-like.

anti-biotic
anti-microbial
pain relief
sedative
7. Ocimene
α-ocimene


trans-β-ocimene


cis-β-ocimene
Sweet Herbal C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. 122°F
b.p. 212°F @ 70 torr
d = 0.800 g/mL
CAS Number:
 502-99-8 (α)
 3338-55-4 (cis-β)
 3779-61-1 (trans-β)

Ocimenes are isomeric monoterpenes found within a variety of plants and fruits.

anti-fungal
anti-inflamitory
8. Terpinolene
δ-Terpinene
Floral C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. ?°F
b.p. ?°F
d = ? g/mL
CAS Number:
  99-86-5 (α)
  99-84-3 (β)
  99-85-4 (λ)
  586-62-9 (δ)
Interactive 3-D Model

Note: .

uplifting
9. Fenchol (descriptor) C10H18O
154.25 g/mol
m.p. 102 to 113°F
b.p. 394°F
d = 0.942 g/mL
CAS Number:
  1632-73-1 (unspec. isom.)
  2217-02-9 ((1R)-endo-(+))
Interactive 3-D Model

Note: .

(effects)
10. para-Cymene
(descriptor) C1014y
134.22 g/mol
m.p. -90°F
b.p. 351°F
d = 0.857 g/mL
CAS Number:
  99-87-6

Note: .

(effects)
11. 3-Carene (descriptor) C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. ?°F
b.p. 338 to 342°F
d = 0.86 g/mL
CAS Number:
  13466-78-9

Note: .

(effects)
12. Nerolidol
(descriptor) C15H26O
222.37 g/mol
m.p. ?°F
b.p. 252°F
d = 0.872 g/mL
CAS Number:
  7212-44-4 (unspec. isom.)
  3790-78-1 (cis)
  40716-66-3 (trans)

Note: .

(effects)
13. Camphene (descriptor) C10H16
136.24 g/mol
m.p. 124 to 126°F
b.p. 318°F
d = 0.842 g/mL
CAS Number:
  79-92-5

Note: .

(effects)
14. Eucalyptol (descriptor) C10H18O
154.25 g/mol
m.p. 37.2°F
b.p. 349 to 351°F
d = 0.9225 g/mL
CAS Number:
  470-82-6
Interactive 3-D Model

Note: .

(effects)

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terpenoids.htm   updated 2021.12.10